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Navigating breathing difficulties requires a combination of proactive measures, lifestyle adjustments, and medical adherence, according to leading pulmonologists.
Monitoring air quality, wearing masks, maintaining a clean indoor environment, adhering to medication, and pursuing preventive care—COPD patients can navigate the challenges of living in polluted urban areas
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) poses significant challenges for individuals living in polluted urban environments, where exposure to particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), nitrogen dioxide, and ozone can exacerbate symptoms like breathlessness, coughing, and fatigue. Navigating these difficulties requires a combination of proactive measures, lifestyle adjustments, and medical adherence, according to leading pulmonologists.
The Impact of Air Pollution on COPD
“Living with COPD in polluted cities poses unique challenges,” says Dr Ashish Jain, Director and Head of Respiratory Medicine, Pulmonology, Max Smart Super Speciality Hospital, Saket. “Pollutants can trigger flare-ups and worsen lung function, making effective management essential.”
Echoing this sentiment, Dr Shiba Kalyan Biswal, Clinical Director of Pulmonology, Respiratory, and Sleep Medicine, Marengo Asia Hospitals, Gurugram, highlights how poor air quality compounds the already taxing symptoms of COPD, further impacting quality of life.
Monitoring Air Quality
Both experts emphasize the importance of staying informed about daily air quality. “Using reliable sources or mobile apps to monitor the Air Quality Index (AQI) and limiting outdoor activities on high-pollution days is critical,” advises Dr Jain. Dr. Biswal concurs, adding that staying indoors during high pollution levels and investing in high-quality air purifiers can create a safer indoor breathing environment.
Protective Measures Outdoors
“Wearing an N95 mask outdoors can significantly reduce the inhalation of harmful particles,” notes Dr. Jain. This simple step can shield vulnerable lungs from pollutants, offering a layer of protection when stepping outside is unavoidable.
Enhancing Indoor Air Quality
Indoors, maintaining clean air is equally vital. “Using air purifiers, avoiding smoking, and minimizing the use of incense or candles can make a big difference,” Dr. Jain suggests. Regular cleaning of carpets and upholstery is another practical step to minimize dust accumulation.
Lifestyle and Nutrition
Good hydration and a diet rich in antioxidants, such as fruits and vegetables, are pivotal in reducing inflammation and boosting immunity, recommends Dr. Biswal. “These dietary adjustments can enhance overall respiratory health,” he adds.
Medication and Preventive Care
Medication adherence remains at the heart of COPD management. “Patients must consistently use prescribed bronchodilators and inhaled corticosteroids and keep a rescue inhaler handy for emergencies,” stresses Dr. Jain.
Dr. Biswal underscores the importance of regular follow-ups with healthcare providers. “Adjustments to medications or the introduction of supplemental oxygen, if needed, can be determined through routine consultations,” he explains.
Breathing Exercises and Pulmonary Rehabilitation
Breathing exercises like pursed-lip breathing are highly beneficial. “These exercises improve lung efficiency and endurance, alleviating discomfort,” states Dr. Jain. Pulmonary rehabilitation programs also play a role in enhancing lung function.
Vaccination and Long-Term Planning
Staying vaccinated against influenza and pneumococcal infections is a vital preventive measure. “Vaccinations help prevent respiratory complications that can aggravate COPD,” notes Dr. Jain.
By adopting a combination of these strategies—monitoring air quality, wearing masks, maintaining a clean indoor environment, adhering to medication, and pursuing preventive care—COPD patients can navigate the challenges of living in polluted urban areas. “Proactive measures and lifestyle adjustments empower patients to better manage their condition,” says Dr. Biswal, reinforcing the potential for maintaining a good quality of life even in less-than-ideal environments.
