Air pollution has become an invisible predator, robbing us of the right to breathe clean air. With air quality plummeting to unhealthy and even hazardous levels, symptoms like irritated eyes, scratchy throats, and severe respiratory issues have become alarmingly common. While pollution affects everyone, pregnant women are among the most vulnerable, as poor air quality poses significant risks to both mother and baby.
Dr. Shelly Singh, Director of Obstetrics & Gynecology at Fortis La Femme, GK, sheds light on how pollution impacts pregnant women and shares essential precautions to protect maternal and fetal health.
How Pollutants Affect Pregnant Women and Babies
Particulate Matter (PM2.5)
Dr. Shelly says, “Tiny particles, particularly those smaller than 2.5 microns, can penetrate deep into the lungs. Sourced from diesel emissions and agricultural fires, these particles increase the risk of respiratory and cardiac issues. For pregnant women, exposure can lead to preterm deliveries and potential long-term respiratory issues for the baby.”
Ozone Pollution
While natural ozone protects us from UV rays, man-made pollutants can transform it into harmful smog. Pregnant women exposed to this smog face risks such as delivering low-birth-weight babies and potential developmental issues like childhood asthma. Additionally, there is an increased likelihood of high blood pressure during pregnancy.
Carbon Monoxide (CO)
Carbon monoxide interferes with oxygen supply by competing with oxygen in the bloodstream. For a growing fetus, this can mean reduced growth, low birth weight, and developmental delays due to oxygen deprivation.
Cigarette Smoke
Dr. Shelly says, “Smoking during pregnancy is harmful, but even passive smoking can have severe consequences, including miscarriages, preterm births, and Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS).” Studies also link exposure to cognitive disorders, learning disabilities, and autism in children.
The Lifelong Impact on Children
Exposure to pollutants can affect children from their time in the womb to their adolescence. Issues like low birth weight, respiratory conditions, and even cognitive challenges highlight the need for immediate action to minimize pollution-related risks.
Precautions for Pregnant Women During High Pollution Periods
Avoid Outdoor Activities During Peak Pollution Times
– Stay indoors during early mornings and late evenings when pollution levels are higher.
– Step outside only during midday hours when air quality tends to improve.
Invest in High-Quality Masks
– Use N95 or N99 masks to filter out 95-99% of harmful particulate matter.
– These masks are easily available online and are a crucial first line of defense.
Use Air Purifiers
– Install good-quality air purifiers at home to maintain cleaner indoor air.
– Focus on purifiers with HEPA filters, which effectively remove fine particles.
Introduce Air-Cleansing Indoor Plants
– Bring plants like areca palm, snake plant, and aloe vera into your home, which are known for their air-purifying properties.
Keep Windows Closed During Peak Pollution
– Avoid keeping windows open during high-pollution hours, especially in the mornings and evenings.
– Ensure proper ventilation when air quality improves.
Pregnant women need to take extra precautions during periods of rising pollution to protect themselves and their unborn child from the harmful effects of pollutants. With careful steps like wearing masks, investing in air purifiers, and avoiding outdoor exposure, you can safeguard your health and give your baby the best start to life. Addressing air pollution isn’t just about personal safety; it’s a collective responsibility to create a cleaner, healthier environment for future generations.
